The islamic consultative assembly iran s legislative body, the islamic consultative assembly is analogous to the united states congress. The constitution has been called a hybrid of theocratic and democratic elements. Withdueattentiontotheessentialcharacterofthisgreat movement. Since then, a number of amendments have been made therein and it has become necessary and expedient that an uptodate and authentic version of the constitution be published by the assembly. The people of all nationalities in china have jointly created a splendid culture and have a glorious revolutionary tradition.
The first section of this paper will analyse the resort to nationalism and secularism. Saudi arabia constitution1 chapter 1 general principles article 1 the kingdom of saudi arabia is a sovereign arab islamic state with islam as its religion. The lot of the other media of mass communication, as well as that of writers, artists and scientists in the islamic republic over the past r 5 years has been the same as that of the press. We have sent our apostles with veritable signs and brought down with them scriptures and the scales of justice, so that men might conduct themselves with fairness. News corp is a network of leading companies in the worlds of diversified media, news, education, and information services. The revolution placed iran at the forefront of middle east politics and the islamic revival. This aspiration was exemplified by the nature of the great islamic revolution of iran, and by the. Library of congress federal research division country profile. China is one of the countries with the longest histories in the world. What seems to distinguish todays revival of nationalism and secularism in iran is that it is not guided by specific intellectuals, but instead has become a national and widespread trend among different social groups at different levels. This section contains all the modern state constitutions of iran, starting with 1906. The constitution of islamic republic of iran iran chamber society. It is chaired by clerics with the equivalent of a masters degree in religion. Constitutions and constitutional debates iran data portal.
The iranian regime on israels right to exist the atlantic. The safavid dynasty ruled iran until 1722, when an afghan army invaded the country and captured isfahan. The supplement motammem to the constitution qanune asasi, lit. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran, setting forth as it does the political, social, cultural, and economic institutions and their relations that are to exist in society, must now provide for the consolidation of the foundations of islamic. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikisource.
The constitution of the islamic republic of iran, setting forth as it does the political, social, cultural, and economic institutions and their relations that are to exist in society, must now provide for the consolidation of the foundations of islamic government, and propose the plan of a new system of government to be erected on the ruins. Adopted october 24, 1979 article 1 the form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their longstanding. It is, however, safe to say that future investigations will and must be fitted into the historical picture to the degree that they tie their results into the history of elam. Construction in iran list of construction companies iran. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran bespeaking the cultural, social, political and economic organs of the iranian society, is based on. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran advances the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society based on islamic principles and norms, which represent an honest aspiration of the islamic ummah.
Constitution of the islamic republic of iran financial disclosure. Irans 1906 constitution constitution and its supplement the fundamental law of persia promulgated in the reign of the late muzaffaruddin shah and ratified by him on dhulqada 14, a. The adoption of the new constitution was the second major development after the seizure of power by the. The islamic republic constitution of december 1979 and its 1989 change identifies the islamic republic of iran s political, economic, and social order, proclaiming that the countrys official religion is shia islam. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikipedia.
Iran s 1906 constitution constitution and its supplement the fundamental law of persia promulgated in the reign of the late muzaffaruddin shah and ratified by. The form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their longstanding belief in the sovereignty of truth and quranic justice, in the referendum of farwardin 9 and 10 in the year 58 of the solar islamic calendar, corresponding to jamadialawwal 1 and 2 in the year 99 of the lunar. Map of iran xvi i iran s maze of power centers 1 1 introduction 2 2 formal and informal power structures in iran. The translation is very readable, and is a fine piece of scholarship. It brought to the surface all the political and social currents that have shaped islamic history in the last centurynationalism, panislamism, the role of the ulema, international economic penetration, colonialism. The causes of the constitutional revolution in iran. Efforts toward satisfactory reform were continually stifled, however, amid reemerging social tensions as well as foreign intervention from russia, the united kingdom, and, later, the united states. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran in the name of allah, the compassionate, the merciful we sent aforetime our apostles with clear signs, and sent down with them the book and the balance that men may uphold justice 57. It has been developed with an objective to enable a single window access to information and services being provided by the various indian government entities.
A history of modern iran in a radical reappraisal of iran s modern history, ervand abrahamian traces its traumatic journey across the twentieth century, through the discoveryofoil,imperialinterventions,theruleofthepahlavis,and,in 1979, revolution and the birth of the islamic republic. May 16, 2017 exporting the revolution in irans constitution. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social, political and economic institutions of the people of iran, based on islamic principles. A new constitution of the islamic republic of iran was adopted in 1979. By then there was already unambiguous evidence indicating the urgency of defusing the imminent danger posed by iraq and its primary allies in the growing terrorist conspiracy.
An overview 6 3 ideological factions among iran s leadership elite 11 4 the president 22 5 the supreme leader of the revolution 46 6 the constitutional assemblies 58 7 the revolutionary armed security forces 65. Restrictions on freedom of expression in the islamic. This fact sheet provides general information about the iranian sanctions programs under the iranian transactions regulations, 31 c. The constitution of the hashemite kingdom of jordan.
The constitution of the islamic republic of iran advances the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society based on islamic. Constitution of the islamic republic encyclopaedia iranica. Nazeer ahmed, phd the constitutional revolution in persia was the first mass movement of the 20th century in the islamic world. On 3 december 1979, almost one year after mohammad reza shah pahlavi left iran, the constitution of the islamic republic of iran replaced the monarchical constitution of 1906.
Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with amendments. The constitution of the united states preamble we the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. It divides into five chapters with many articles that developed over several years. Iran islamic republic of s constitution of 1979 with amendments through 1989. To this extent, many of irans foreign policy actions are similar to those undertaken by the shah of iran and prior iranian dynasties.
I am in favor of a negotiated agreement that will keep iran at least a year away from a nuclear weapon in part because, in the postholocaust era, it. The islamic consultative assembly irans legislative body, the islamic consultative assembly is analogous to the united states congress. Article 25 the legislative power shall be vested in the national assembly and the king. The struggle for the constitution against royal despotism is a chapter in iranian history that is now seen in almost mythic terms.
Scholars of iranian constitutional history have long recognized the influence of the belgian and bulgarian constitutions on the iranian. Discrimination against religious minorities in iran. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with. The national assembly shall consist of a senate and a chamber of deputies.
A shortlived initial freedom gave way to longterm strangulation. Constitutional revolution iranian history britannica. Iran constitution of 1906 wikisource, the free online library. The 270 member assembly is endowed with many of the same powersit is the main lawmaking body of the country. Constitution of the peoples republic of china adopted on december 4, 1982 preamble. Despite in the classical shiite jurisprudence that waging offensive jihad, or holy war, is an exclusive right of the infallible imam, khomeini believed that the shiite jurist had the authority to order it. The constitution of islamic republic of iran in the name of god, the compassionate, the merciful. The background iran has the oldest constitution in asia. The power structure of the islamic republic of iran. Pdf egalitarian constitution of the islamic republic of. Iran has not backed islamist movements in the central asian countries because these states and their islamist movements are sunni muslim and threats to iran. At this time, the constitution of the islamic republic of iran, as an articulation of the political, social, cultural, and economic relations and institutions of the society, was to open the way for af.
Iran, may 2008 3 in november 1979, students affiliated with the latter group occupied the u. Ethnic and religious minorities recent developments on october 23, 2008, asma jahangir, a u. The causes of the constitutional revolution in iran 383 although marx and engels considered ideologies to be a part of the super structure dependent upon the social structures, they did not deny the possibility that radical ideologists could, at times, develop into independent forces capable of helping undermine the ruling class. Iran s political system functions in a theocratic structure of syncretic politics that is ruled by an islamist ideology. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikiquote. The iranian revolution past, present and future brought the safavids into direct conflict with the ottoman empire and led to two centuries of intermittent warfare between those two powerful states. Prelude to revolution previously come together in the constitutional revolution of 190511. List of best construction companies in iran, top construction companies in iran, construction companies near me, best construction companies. Pdf in islam, all human beings are equal in terms of human rights and therefore minority is meaningless in the real sense of the word. These topic pages provide a quick overview and easy access to all content that can be found on ace for any give topic of interest weather encyclopaedia files, electoral materials, comparative data, consolidated replies, case studies, or other. Pdf this paper intends to explore the role and key contributions that ayatollah ruhollah played in the iranian revolution. The response does not discuss a correct example of how having both sources of political legitimacy simultaneously has led to tensions in iran.
The role and contribution of ayatollah ruhollah khomeini. Gods book and the sunnah of his prophet, gods prayers and peace be upon him, are its constitution, arabic is its language and riyadh is its capital. Constitution of india full text national portal of india. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran, setting forth as it does the political, social, cultural, and economic institutions and their relations that are to exist in society, must now provide for the consolidation of the foundations of islamic government, and propose the plan of a new system of government to be erected on the ruins of. There is, though, a very laughable introduction to the constitution written by the translator at the beginning of the text. The ensuing grand and bloody revolution of the muslim. Ramazani the constitution of the islamic republic of iran qanuni asasiyi jomhuiriyi islkmiyi iran has replaced iran s first constitution.
While articles one and two vest sovereignty in god, article six mandates popular elections for the presidency and the. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social, political, and economic foundations of iranian society on the basis of the islamic principles and norms that represent the heartfelt desire of the islamic nation. Many articles of the constitution emphasize on and guaranty the equality of all iranian. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran advances the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society based on islamic principles and norms, which represent an. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 december 1979, and went into force replacing the constitution of 1906. This aspiration was exemplified by the nature of the great islamic revolution of iran, and by the course of the.
The new constitution was to guarantee that the monarchy was abolished and the islamic republic system of government was enforced in its place. Exporting the revolution in irans constitution and the mahdi. Politics and the state in the islamic republic schirazi, asghar on. This is a nice, compact edition of the constitution of the islamic republic of iran as laid out immediately after the revolution. Article 26 the executive power shall be vested in the king, who shall exercise his powers through his ministers in accordance with the provisions of the present. Sep 21, 2019 the constitution of the islamic republic of iran, setting forth as it does the political, social, cultural, and economic institutions and their relations that are to exist in society, must now provide for the consolidation of the foundations of islamic government, and propose the plan of a new system of government to be erected on the ruins of.
Irans 1906 constitution foundation for iranian studies. Politics and the state in the islamic rep u b 1ic zy asghar schirazi zyxwv translated by john okane. Article 24, qanuni assassi jumhuri islami iran the constitution of the islamic republic of iran 58 1980. Although the provisions of the constitu tion have often been ignored, every politician invokes it and no one, until ayatollah. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran in the name of god, the compassionate, the merciful. Recommendations for the next president alex vatanka mei policy focus 201617 middle east institute policy focus series july 2016 the next u. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran by hamid.
The constitution of the islamic republic of iran was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3. However, because i couldnt flag it for the reasons allowed, i just wanted to leave a couple of comments hoping that the copy would be fixed. Based on these values, the spirit of the constitution of islamic republic of iran is egalitarian. According to one count, 757 individuals were executed in the 28 months following the iranian revolution on the charge of sowing corruption on earth. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran 1989.
Justice is the more essential values in islamic thought. We have sent our apostles with veritable signs and brought down with them scriptures and the scales of justice, so that men might conduct themselves with fairness preamble. During the revolution of 1979 a new constitution was promulgated. This sentiment caused the constitutional revolution. Discrimination against religious minorities in iran cerd august 2003 i. The present sixth edition of the constitution is distinctive as it. Politics and the state in the islamic republic by asghar schirazi. Part 560, and the iranian assets control regulations, 31 c. There had been a series of ongoing covert and overt activities against naser odin shahs despotic rule, for which many had lost their lives. Populism, a product of the revolution, helped ayatollah khomeini to rule iran for a decade with absolute power. A history of modern iran in a radical reappraisal of irans modern history, ervand abrahamian traces its traumatic journey across the twentieth century, through the discoveryofoil,imperialinterventions,theruleofthepahlavis,and,in 1979, revolution and the birth of the islamic republic. Constitutional revolution during the early 1900s the only way to save country from government corruption and foreign manipulation was to make a written code of laws. A critical introduction to khomeini as the architect of the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini remains one of the most inspirational and enigmatic fi gures of the twentieth century.